Abstract Background Betaine. an osmoprotective compatible solute. has been used to improve l-threonine production in engineered Escherichia coli l-threonine producer. Betaine supplementation upregulates the expression of zwf encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. https://www.hindigyanvishv.com/flash-deal-Iowa-Cubs-Foam-Finger-p32059-hot-value/