Abstract Background Castration of male calves destined for beef production is a common management practice performed in the United States amounting to approximately 15 million procedures per year. Societal concern about the moral and ethical treatment of animals is increasing. Therefore. production agriculture is faced with the challenge of formulating animal welfare policies relating... https://www.roneverhart.com/Hosa-SH-8X4-25-Stage-Box-Non-locking-8x4-25-p37478/