Abstract The issue of pinned field image binarization for signature generation in the ownership verification of the protected image is investigated. The pinned field explores the texture information of the protected image and can be employed to enhance the watermark robustness. In the proposed method. four optimization schemes are utilized to determine the threshold values for transfo... https://www.allfixelectricales.shop/product-category/fridge-icemaker-hose-repair-kit/